“Glucose enters a cell via the GLUT1 and GLUT4 transporters. GLUT4 is insulin-dependent, which means that GLUT4 doesn’t transport glucose into the cell in the absence of insulin. In a state of insulin resistance, GLUT4 doesn’t transport glucose into the cell even in the presence of insulin. This is thought to cause hyperglycemia. However, hyperglycemia is actually caused by an excess of lipolysis and gluconeogenesis (the creation of glucose from glycerol, lactate and amino acids) which is driven by cortisol, noradrenaline, adrenaline and glucagon.” -Hans Amato